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  General education
Cross Sources:  Major assessment
Definition:  The common knowledge, skills, and developmental characteristics of the college educated person
Reference:  Gaff, J. (1991).
  General Linear Model
Cross Sources:  Regression (linear)
Definition:  The mathematical model underlying most comparative statistics, involving proportional relationships among variables of interest
Reference:  
  Generalizability study (G-Study)
Cross Sources:  Generalizability Theory
Definition:  A type of investigation that applies generalizability measurement theory; provides researchers with an indication of the extent to which a sample of measurements generalizes to a universe of measurements.
Reference:  Crocker, L.M., & Algina, J. (1986).
  Generalizability Theory (G-Theory)
Cross Sources:  Reliability
Definition:  An expansion of classical test theory (CTT) that uses variance components to create coefficients, parallel to reliability coefficients in CTT that informs researchers about the generalizability of measures.
Reference:  Crocker, L.M., & Algina, J. (1986).
  Goals
Cross Sources:  Objectives
Definition:  General expectations for student intended outcomes
Reference:  Trice, A.D. (2000).
  Graduation Rate
Cross Sources:  Attrition; Degree; Dropout; Graduation; Retention
Definition:  Extent to which students at institution of postsecondary education complete an academic program, or enroll in a subsequent educational program for which the prior program provided substantial preparation, within 150 percent of the normal time for completion of the program.
Reference:  
  Grounded theory
Cross Sources:  Qualitative, Critical ethnography, Case study, Phenomenological studies
Definition:  The researcher attempts to derive a theory by using multiple stages of data collection and the refinement and interrelationship of categories of information. Two primary characteristics of this design are the constant comparison data with emerging categories, and theoretical sampling of different groups to maximize the similarities and the differences of information
Reference:  Strauss & Corbin (as cited in Creswell, 1994).
  Group affiliation
Cross Sources:  Values, Value-added, Citizenship
Definition:  Membership association; Civic development or citizenship.
Reference:  Astin, A. (1993).
  Growth over time
Cross Sources:  Pretest, Posttest, Longitudinal, Change, Value Added
Definition:  Increases in knowledge or development that occur over time, typically measured through pretest/posttest experimental designs
Reference:  
  Guttman scale
Cross Sources:  IRT
Definition:  A type of response scale where items assessing a unidimensional construct are ordered by difficulty (using classical test theory). When an examinee fails to endorse an item it is expected that he/she will not endorse any harder item, and when an examinee endorses an item it is expected that he/she will endorse all easier items. This type of scale was a predecessor to item response theory.
Reference:  Dawes, R.M. (1972).



For any comments regarding new terms or suggested definitions for this Dictionary, please write to :   assessment@jmu.edu. Thank you.